Estuary Ecosystems

An estuary is a place where a river flows into the ocean. Here, fresh water from the river mixes with salty ocean water. This mix creates a rich habitat for many plants and animals. Estuaries are some of the most productive ecosystems on Earth.

A Nursery for Sea Life

Many fish and shellfish begin their lives in estuaries. The calm, shallow waters provide a safe place for young animals to grow. Crabs, shrimp, and oysters thrive in estuaries. Birds like herons and egrets come to estuaries to feed on the plentiful fish.

Protecting Estuaries

Estuaries help protect the coast from storms and flooding. The plants that grow in estuaries filter pollution out of the water. Sadly, many estuaries have been damaged by pollution and building. Cleaning up estuaries and keeping them healthy benefits both people and wildlife.

Fun Facts

• The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States.
• About two-thirds of the fish and shellfish we eat spend part of their lives in estuaries.
• Estuary water is called brackish because it is a mix of fresh and salt water.

Did You Know?

Estuaries are sometimes called the nurseries of the sea because so many baby fish grow up there!