Fermentation

Fermentation is a process where tiny living things like bacteria and yeast change food into something different. These tiny organisms eat sugars in food and create new flavors and textures. People have used fermentation for thousands of years to make foods like bread, yogurt, and pickles. Fermented foods are not only tasty but can also be good for your health.

How Fermentation Works

During fermentation, tiny organisms break down sugars in food. Bacteria or yeast eat the sugar and produce things like acid, gas, or alcohol. The acid is what makes yogurt tangy and pickles sour. The gas is what makes bread rise and gives soda its bubbles. This process happens naturally but people have learned to control it to make delicious foods.

Fermented Foods Around the World

Many cultures have their own fermented foods. Yogurt is made by fermenting milk with special bacteria. Kimchi from Korea and sauerkraut from Germany are both made from fermented cabbage. Sourdough bread uses fermented dough. Cheese, soy sauce, and miso are all made through fermentation too.

Fun Facts

• Fermentation has been used to make food for at least 9,000 years.
• Your body has billions of helpful bacteria, many of which come from eating fermented foods.
• Chocolate and coffee both go through fermentation before they are ready to eat or drink.

Did You Know?

The tangy taste of sourdough bread comes from lactic acid made by bacteria during fermentation!