Topographic Maps

A topographic map is a special kind of map that shows the shape of the land. It uses curvy lines called contour lines to show hills, valleys, and flat areas. Each line connects points that are at the same height above sea level.

Contour Lines

Contour lines are the key to reading a topographic map. Lines that are close together mean the land is steep. Lines that are far apart mean the land is flat or gentle. Closed circles show the tops of hills. The numbers on the lines tell you the height in feet or meters.

Who Uses Topographic Maps

Hikers use topographic maps to plan their trails and avoid steep cliffs. Engineers use them to decide where to build roads and buildings. Scientists use them to study the land. The military uses them to understand the shape of the land in different areas.

Fun Facts

• The United States Geological Survey has made topographic maps of the entire country.
• The first topographic maps were made in France in the 1700s.
• Topographic maps can also show forests, rivers, roads, and buildings.

Did You Know?

If you could peel the contour lines off a topographic map and stack them up, they would make a 3D model of the land!