Roman Legions

Roman legions were the armies of ancient Rome. A legion was a big group of about 5,000 soldiers. The soldiers were called legionaries. They were some of the best-trained fighters in the ancient world. Roman legions helped Rome win many wars and build a huge empire.

A Soldier's Life

Legionaries signed up to fight for 25 years. They trained hard every day. A soldier had to march 20 miles in a day while carrying heavy gear. They wore metal armor and helmets. They carried a big shield, a short sword called a gladius, and a spear called a pilum.

How They Fought

Roman legions were known for working as a team. They fought in neat lines and squares. One famous move was called the tortoise. Soldiers would put their shields over their heads and sides like a shell. This kept them safe from arrows. Legions also built roads, bridges, and forts wherever they went.

Fun Facts

• Each legion had its own flag called a standard with a silver eagle on top.
• Rome had about 30 legions at the peak of its empire.
• If a soldier ran away in battle, his whole group could be punished.

Did You Know?

Many of the straight roads still used in Europe today were first built by Roman legions over 2,000 years ago.