The Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate was a great Islamic empire that lasted from 750 to 1258 CE. Its capital, Baghdad, became one of the most important cities in the world. Scholars in Baghdad made great advances in science, math, and medicine. This period is often called the Islamic Golden Age.

Baghdad: City of Knowledge

Baghdad was built in 762 CE and quickly became a center of trade and learning. The House of Wisdom was a famous library and school where scholars studied ancient books. They translated Greek, Persian, and Indian texts into Arabic. Knowledge from many cultures was preserved and improved.

Achievements

Abbasid scholars invented algebra and made important discoveries in astronomy. Doctors wrote medical books used for hundreds of years. Artists created beautiful tile work and calligraphy. The empire weakened over time and was conquered by the Mongols in 1258.

Fun Facts

• The word "algebra" comes from the Arabic word "al-jabr."
• Baghdad may have had over one million people, making it the largest city in the world.
• Abbasid scholars created some of the first hospitals with separate wards for different illnesses.

Did You Know?

The House of Wisdom in Baghdad was one of the greatest libraries in the world before it was destroyed by the Mongol invasion.