The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire began when the Roman Empire split in two. The western part fell, but the eastern part kept going for almost 1,000 more years. Its capital city was Constantinople, which is now called Istanbul. The Byzantines spoke Greek and were Christians. They were known for their art, churches, and strong walls.

A Mighty City

Constantinople was the heart of the Byzantine Empire. It sat between Europe and Asia, which made it great for trade. The city had huge walls that kept enemies out for hundreds of years. Inside the city stood the Hagia Sophia, a beautiful church with a giant dome. People came from all over the world to visit Constantinople.

Art and Culture

The Byzantines loved art and made colorful pictures called mosaics. Mosaics were made from tiny pieces of stone or glass. Many showed religious scenes in churches. The Byzantines also saved many old Greek and Roman books. Because of them, we still know about ancient stories and ideas.

Fun Facts

• Byzantine soldiers used a secret weapon called Greek fire that could burn on water.
• The Byzantine Empire lasted over 1,000 years.
• The empire's money, called the solidus, was used across many lands.

Did You Know?

The Byzantine Empire finally ended in 1453 when Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Turks.