The Roman Senate

The Roman Senate was one of the most important parts of the Roman government. It was a group of experienced leaders who advised on laws and policies. The Senate helped Rome grow from a small city into a mighty empire. Its influence lasted for hundreds of years.

How the Senate Worked

The Senate was made up of about 300 wealthy and experienced Roman citizens. Senators were usually former government officials. They debated and voted on laws, taxes, and foreign policy. The Senate also controlled Rome's finances and military decisions.

Power and Politics

During the Roman Republic, the Senate was very powerful. Famous senators like Cicero gave great speeches to influence policy. But when Rome became an empire, the emperor took much of the Senate's power away. The Senate still existed but had less influence than before.

Fun Facts

• The letters SPQR, seen on Roman buildings, stand for "The Senate and People of Rome."
• Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March in 44 BCE.
• The U.S. Senate was partly inspired by the Roman Senate.

Did You Know?

The word "senate" comes from the Latin word "senex," meaning "old man," because senators were supposed to be wise elders.