The Vikings

The Vikings were people from Scandinavia, the region that includes modern Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. From about the late 700s to the 1000s, Viking sailors traveled across seas and rivers in long, narrow ships. Some raided towns, but many were farmers, traders, craftspeople, and explorers.

Longships and Voyages

Viking ships were fast, flexible, and strong. They could cross rough seas and also sail up shallow rivers. This helped Viking crews reach places far from home, including Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, and even North America. Viking traders also traveled deep into eastern Europe and along river routes toward the markets of Baghdad.

Homes and Families

Viking families lived in longhouses made from wood, turf, or stone. People cooked, worked, told stories, and repaired tools indoors during cold months. Viking women could have important rights for the time. In some places, women could own property, manage farms, and ask for a divorce.

Beliefs and Burials

Vikings told stories about gods such as Odin, Thor, and Freyja. Important people were sometimes buried with tools, weapons, jewelry, or ships. Some Viking funerals involved a boat or ship, and a few stories describe ships being set on fire as part of a dramatic burial ceremony.

Fun Facts

• Viking helmets did not usually have horns.
• Viking ships had shallow bottoms that helped them land on beaches.
• Viking craftspeople made beautiful metalwork, combs, beads, and carved decorations.

Did You Know?

The word "Viking" can describe a sea journey or raid as well as the people who joined those voyages.