Cleopatra

Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt. She was born around 69 BC. She was smart, charming, and spoke many languages. She ruled Egypt for about 21 years and was one of the most powerful women of the ancient world.

Early Life

Cleopatra was part of the Ptolemy dynasty, which had ruled Egypt for almost 300 years. She became queen at about 18 years old. She had to share the throne with her younger brother. She was the first Ptolemy ruler to learn the Egyptian language.

An ancient paper document believed to hold Cleopatra's writing.
An ancient paper document believed to hold Cleopatra's writing. (Cleopatra / Wikimedia Commons)

Big Achievements

Cleopatra made alliances with Roman leaders Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. She was a skilled diplomat and politician. She kept Egypt independent for over 20 years. She was the last independent ruler of Egypt before it became part of the Roman Empire.

Fun Facts

  • Cleopatra spoke at least nine languages.
  • She was not actually Egyptian but of Greek descent.
  • She reportedly smuggled herself into Caesar's palace rolled up in a carpet.

Did You Know?

Many movies show Cleopatra as very beautiful, but ancient coins show she had a large nose. Her real power came from her intelligence, charm, and ability to speak many languages.