James Cook

Captain James Cook was a British explorer and navigator. He was born in England in 1728. He made three major voyages across the Pacific Ocean. He mapped more of the world than anyone before him.

Early Life

Cook grew up in a farming family in northern England. He joined the Royal Navy as a young man. He was very skilled at making maps and navigating. His talent earned him command of important expeditions.

Big Achievements

Cook sailed to the Pacific Ocean three times. He mapped the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and many Pacific islands. He was one of the first to prevent scurvy by giving his sailors citrus fruits. He proved that a huge southern continent did not exist where people expected.

Fun Facts

• Cook started his career as an apprentice on coal-carrying ships.
• He sailed close to Antarctica but thick ice stopped him from reaching it.
• He was one of the first captains to keep his crew healthy on long voyages.

Did You Know?

Cook was killed in Hawaii in 1779 during his third voyage. At first, the Hawaiian people welcomed him. A disagreement led to a fight on the beach where Cook was killed.