Erosion

Erosion is the slow wearing away of rock and soil by natural forces. Water, wind, ice, and gravity all cause erosion. The Grand Canyon was carved by water erosion over millions of years. Erosion shapes mountains, valleys, and coastlines. It is one of the most powerful forces shaping our planet.

Types of Erosion

Water erosion is the most common type. Rivers carve valleys and canyons. Ocean waves shape coastlines. Rainwater washes away soil. Wind erosion carries away tiny bits of rock and soil, especially in deserts. Glaciers are rivers of ice that grind and scrape the land as they move. Gravity pulls loose rocks downhill.

Erosion and People

Erosion can be a problem for people. It washes away farmland and makes soil less fertile. It can damage buildings and roads near cliffs and rivers. People fight erosion by planting trees, building walls, and using other methods to hold soil in place. Erosion also creates beautiful landscapes like arches and sea caves.

Fun Facts

• The Grand Canyon was carved by the Colorado River over about 5 to 6 million years.
• Wind erosion created the Sphinx in Egypt. Over thousands of years, sand and wind wore away the rock.
• Niagara Falls moves backward about one foot per year because of erosion.

Did You Know?

The white cliffs of Dover in England are slowly disappearing because of erosion. The chalk cliffs crumble and fall into the sea. Scientists estimate that the cliffs are retreating by about one inch per year. In thousands of years, they will look very different from today!